Approximately 1,000 Jews currently reside in Turkmenistan, primarily in Ashkhabad, which has the largest community of 800 Jews. Smaller groups are found in cities like Mary, Chardzhou (now Turkmenabat), Dashoguz, Turkmenbashi, Balkanabat, and Kerki. The majority are Ashkenazi Jews who arrived during the Soviet era, with about 20% being Iranian Jews with deeper roots in the country. A few Bukharian Jews live in the eastern part of Turkmenistan. The descendants of Afghani Jews who once lived in Yoloten and Bairam Ali have since left the country.

Israel and Turkmenistan have full diplomatic relations. Israel is represented by its ambassador in Moscow. Aliya: Since 1989, 1,050 Turkmeni Jews have emigrated to Israel.

There are no synagogues or rabbis, and there is no other communal life.

There is no organized Jewish community or rabbi in Turkmenistan. The Soviets effectively suppressed all Jewish culture in the country and, unlike the other states of the former Soviet Union, Turkmenistan's community never recovered. The Ashkhabad synagogue, the only one in the country, was converted into a gymnasium by the Soviets and no other formal congregations exist. The Turkmen Jews have no semblance of a community and the majority are non-practicing and do not usually disclose their religious origin due to severe religious persecution.

Turkmenistan has become increasingly Islamized since independence, and non-Muslims face discrimination on a day-to-day basis.